Syrian Prime Minister Mohammad Ghazi Al-Jalali was reportedly captured by rebel forces in Damascus on Sunday and escorted to a hotel, where he was said to be preparing to hand over control of government institutions.

In a video circulating online, Jalali is seen surrounded by armed men as he descends steps and enters a black SUV, accompanied by another individual.

A voice in the video identifies the group as part of the 5th Corps from Hauran, claiming they were taking Jalali to the Four Seasons Hotel for a meeting to transfer authority to the Free Syrian Army.

Earlier, Jalali expressed his intention to ensure the continued operation of public institutions and state facilities while maintaining security for all citizens.

On December 3, 2024, the ECOWAS Court of Justice ruled in favor of Oluwatimilehin Adebayo, ordering the Nigerian government to pay N5 million as compensation for the violation of his right to be free from torture.

The case, titled Oluwatimilehin Adebayo vs Federal Republic of Nigeria (ECW/CCJ/APP/47/23), stemmed from Adebayo’s brutal treatment by police officers in Ogun State.

Adebayo was subjected to severe abuse, including being beaten with the handle of an axe and having his limbs bound with chains to a pole.

The torture caused physical injuries, including trauma to his scrotum, and left Adebayo with lasting psychological distress.

The Nigerian government contested the case, arguing that it was filed beyond the three-year limitation period and that the court lacked jurisdiction.

The government also claimed that the case involved issues already handled by a domestic court.

However, in her judgment, Justice Dupe Atoki, the judge rapporteur, stated that the actions of the police officers amounted to torture, violating Article 5 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, to which Nigeria is a signatory.

The court ruled that the torture was intentional and aimed at coercing Adebayo into signing a false statement.

As a result, the court ordered the Nigerian government to pay N5 million to Adebayo as compensation and mandated that an impartial investigation be conducted into the torture, with those responsible to be prosecuted.

The court, however, rejected the claim that Adebayo’s right to remedy had been violated, as there was no evidence to suggest that he had formally reported the incident to the appropriate authorities.

As President Bashar al-Assad’s grip on Syria begins to weaken, the three major external actors involved in the conflict—Turkey, Iran, and Russia—have failed to align on a unified approach to resolve the ongoing crisis.

In a meeting on the sidelines of the Doha Forum in Qatar on Saturday, the three nations called for renewed direct talks between Assad and opposition groups.

They also stressed that it was “inadmissible” to rely on terrorist groups to gain control of the country.

Russia, Turkey, and Iran urged the Syrian opposition to end the fighting and preserve the territorial integrity and unity of Syria.

However, the situation has become increasingly complicated, as reports emerged of Russian diplomats fleeing Damascus in the face of rapid opposition advances.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov acknowledged the difficulty of the situation but emphasized that Russia was determined to prevent the victory of what it deemed as “terrorist” forces.

Lavrov also indicated that Russia would push Assad to normalize relations with Turkey, particularly over Ankara’s demands to address Kurdish forces using northern Syria to launch attacks into Turkey.

Despite Assad’s previous refusal to engage with Turkey while Turkish forces remained in Syria, the Syrian president may now have little choice but to make concessions, particularly on the Kurdish issue.

Turkey considers the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), aligned with the Kurdish YPG, to be an extension of the Kurdish PKK, which Ankara views as a terrorist organization.

However, there are growing concerns that Turkey may struggle to control the increasingly powerful Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), an Islamist militant group that has made significant gains in recent weeks.

Lavrov has repeatedly stressed that HTS is classified as a terrorist organization by both the UN and the US. While HTS claims to have moderated, Russia and others question whether this is truly the case.

Lavrov also suggested that opposition groups were being used for geopolitical purposes, asserting that the offensive led by HTS was undermining diplomatic efforts.

He warned that if a political vacuum were to emerge, the result could be chaos similar to that seen in Iraq in 2003 and Libya in 2011.

While the US had initially hoped Assad would remain part of the political solution, the situation on the ground has shifted dramatically.

The rapid advances of opposition forces and Assad’s struggle to maintain control, particularly in Homs, have left international diplomats scrambling to adjust their strategies.

Syrian civil society at the Doha Forum also called for the dismantling of Assad’s intelligence apparatus and the establishment of a transitional government, ultimately leading to national elections—something Assad has long blocked.

The peace talks initiated by Turkey, Russia, and Iran through the Astana Process in 2017 have largely failed to yield significant results.

The country remains divided, with different factions controlling various regions.

While expectations for the Doha meeting were low, the divisions between Turkey, Russia, and Iran have only deepened.

Turkey has shown support for the advance of rebel, Islamist, and pro-Turkish groups toward Damascus, while Iran and Russia consider HTS to be a terrorist threat.

Iran’s foreign minister, Abbas Araghchi, has tried to convince Turkey that its actions are contributing to a dangerous power vacuum, but to no avail.

Iran also perceives the US and Israel’s involvement in Syria as part of an effort to undermine its influence, especially as the situation in the region becomes more volatile.

Charles Lister of the Middle East Institute stated that the rebranding of HTS away from jihadism has been ongoing for years, but the group still remains politically dictatorial.

Lister predicted that Assad’s downfall is inevitable, and if Homs were to fall, Damascus could be isolated from its coastal Alawite heartland, further weakening Assad’s position.

While Russia is trying to hold the line in Homs, both Iran and Hezbollah have struggled to maintain a significant presence on the ground.

The Syrian military, increasingly fragmented and weakened from within, is facing mounting pressure as opposition forces continue to make headway.

In the face of this growing crisis, Turkey is under pressure to clarify its strategy for Syria and its stance on HTS.

Turkey’s involvement in the Syrian conflict has largely been driven by its desire to prevent Kurdish forces from gaining more control in northern Syria, while also managing the 3 million Syrian refugees currently residing in Turkey.

However, with Assad’s regime faltering, Turkey may be forced to navigate a much more complex political landscape in Syria.

The future of Syria remains uncertain, and the geopolitical divide between the key foreign powers involved only deepens.

Mahamudu Bawumia, Ghana’s vice president, has conceded defeat in the country’s presidential election, acknowledging that John Mahama has secured victory.

Bawumia, the candidate for the ruling New Patriotic Party (NPP), made the announcement following the release of partial election results, which indicate that Mahama of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) is on track to win.

With votes still being counted, Mahama has accumulated 976,644 votes, or 56.39 percent, while Bawumia has garnered 738,493 votes, amounting to 42.64 percent.

In a press conference held at his residence on Sunday, Bawumia, acknowledging the results, stated that the outcome was in the best interest of Ghana. He also confirmed that he had called Mahama to offer his congratulations.

“From our internal tally, it is clear that former President John Dramani Mahama has decisively won the election,” Bawumia remarked.

“Additionally, the NDC has also secured victory in the parliamentary elections, and while some seats are still being finalized, I believe the results will not alter the overall outcome.”

Bawumia emphasized that his decision to concede before the official announcement by the Electoral Commission was meant to avoid further tension and maintain peace in the country.

He also highlighted the importance of preserving Ghana’s reputation as a peaceful and democratic nation in the eyes of the international community.

“I accept the will of the Ghanaian people with humility,” Bawumia concluded.

On Sunday, 8 December 2024, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad’s regime appeared to have collapsed after a swift offensive by rebel forces.

Assad was reportedly seen fleeing Damascus aboard a plane, according to multiple sources, including two senior Syrian military officers and the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.

The Syrian army has confirmed the end of Assad’s 24-year rule.

The fall of the Syrian capital comes after intense fighting in Homs, where rebels declared complete control of the city in just one day.

Thousands of Syrians poured into the streets to celebrate, chanting for freedom and the end of Assad’s rule.

In Damascus, crowds gathered in a central square, while in Homs, celebrations erupted with chants of “Assad is gone, Homs is free.”

In an announcement, the rebels stated they were continuing efforts to establish a transitional government in Syria, marking the shift from opposition to state-building.

“The great Syrian revolution has moved from the stage of struggle to overthrow the Assad regime to the struggle to build a Syria together that befits the sacrifices of its people,” a statement from the rebel coalition declared.

Earlier, Syria’s prime minister, Mohammad Ghazi al Jalali, who remained in Damascus, stated his readiness for a peaceful transition of power but refrained from commenting on Assad’s reported flight.

The conflict, which has raged for years, has caused profound divisions within Syria. As Assad’s forces lost control of key areas, including the capital, reports emerged of looting and widespread celebrations in former government strongholds.

In addition to the fall of Homs and Damascus, rebels also claimed victory in other cities like Deir el-Zor and Deraa.

Celebrations were marred by signs of instability. Gunfire was heard in central Damascus, though the source was unclear, and some protests in the capital targeted statues of Assad’s father, Hafez al-Assad.

The situation has raised concerns about what comes next for Syria, with various rebel factions vying for power and the risk of further fragmentation.

Rebel forces, led by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), the main opposition group that has been instrumental in the recent offensive, have pledged to respect those who surrender, offering assurances that those laying down arms would not be harmed.

However, the path forward remains uncertain, with fear of further civil conflict and the difficulty of transitioning power in a deeply divided nation.

International reactions to Assad’s fall have varied. U.S. President Joe Biden’s administration has expressed concern but reaffirmed its commitment to countering ISIS in the region.

President-elect Donald Trump, on social media, described Syria as a “mess” and distanced the U.S. from further involvement.

Meanwhile, Russia and Iran, Assad’s key allies, have signaled their diminished support as they face pressures from other global conflicts.

Despite the celebrations, the future of Syria remains precarious.

As the country emerges from decades of brutal authoritarian rule, questions remain about the rebuilding process and the role of various rebel factions in establishing a stable government.

The international community, including the United Nations, is calling for dialogue and respect for human rights as Syria enters a critical phase of its history.